- Looks at the product more from a business perspective.

- Pays more attention to competitors, industry trends, and stakeholder needs.

- Looks at the product more from a user’s perspective.

- Pays more attention to customer journeys within the product.

User research, usability testing, proficiency in design and 3D modeling tools, wireframing, interaction design, and a strong understanding of UX design principles and design thinking.



‍

Mapping user journeys, cognitive psychology, qualitative and quantitative research, user research, usability testing, proficiency in design and 3D modeling tools, wireframing, graphic design, interaction design, and a strong understanding of UX design principles and design thinking.
‍‍

Problem-solving, empathy, negotiation, collaboration across teams, leadership and project management, public speaking.
‍

Problem-solving, empathy, collaboration across teams, presentation, project management.
‍
‍

UX designer, project manager, product owner.
‍

UI designer, graphic designer, visual designer, UX researcher, interaction designer, ethnographer.‍

$94,234‍

$97,848

Qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Qualitative and quantitative research methods.

- Looks at the product from a business perspective.

- Aims to meet both users’ needs and business goals, which help brands create successful products consistently.

- Looks at the product from a usability and usefulness perspective.

- Aims to ensure that the product, service, or system fulfills users’ needs.
‍‍

- Defines product goals.

- Creates product roadmaps.

- Releases successful products in the long-term.

- Maintains product desirability.

- Converts leads to existing customers.

- Improves customer satisfaction.

- Drives brand loyalty.

- Retains existing customers.
‍

To create products and services that meet the needs and goals of users.

To create products and services that meet the needs and goals of users.

User interviews, usability testing, user surveys, focus groups, heuristic evaluations, analytics data analysis.

Sketching, wireframing, prototyping, user testing, design software (e.g. Adobe Creative Suite).‍

Research reports, user personas, usability test reports, design recommendations.
‍

Wireframes, prototypes, design mockups, design specifications.
‍

Comes before design (but also done any time in the design process e.g. iterative usability testing).

Comes after research, informed by research findings.
‍

Empathy, communication, analytical thinking, problem-solving, data analysis.

Creativity, visual design, interaction design, user-centered design, prototyping.

A bachelor’s degree in a related field (e.g. psychology, human-computer interaction, market research) is often preferred, but not always required. Additional training in UX research methods and tools (e.g. usability testing, user interviews) may be helpful.

A bachelor’s degree in a related field (e.g. graphic design, human-computer interaction) is often preferred. Additional training in UX design methods and tools (e.g. sketching, wireframing, prototyping) may be helpful.
‍

$85,855

$97,848

• Navigation labels
• Error messages
• Microcopy

• Cloze tests
• Highlighter tests
• Recall-based tests

• A/B tests
• Conversion optimization

Works closely with UX designers and product teams

Works closely with marketing, brand, and sales teams

• A/B testing
• Behavioral analytics

• A/B testing
• Statistics and analytics

• Pricing available upon request

• A/B testing
• Heatmaps
• Conversion analytics

• Paid plans start at $199/month

Deafness, hearing-related issues

Temporary hearing loss due to ear infections, injury, or medical procedures

Physical disabilities, limited mobility

Temporary physical limitations due to injuries, surgeries, or recovery from medical conditions‍

Learning disabilities, attention disorders

Temporary cognitive difficulties due to medication, concussion, or recovery from illness

Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, neurological disorders

Migraine, dizziness, nausea‍

N/A‍

Temporary situational limitations like holding a baby, limited mobility due to injury, or a noisy environment

• Add custom branding (on paid plans)
• Synchronize multiple calendars

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $8/month

• Calendar overlay
• Ranked availability

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $12/month‍

• Booking pages make it easy to schedule interviews directly on your calendar
• Integrations with Google Meet, Zoom, and WebEx (on paid plans)

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $6.95/month

• Customizable booking page and notifications
• Integrations with Google and Microsoft calendars and popular video conferencing tools
• Supports 44 languages

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $10.80/month

• Centralized research panel
• Automated participant outreach

• Currently in beta

• Panel management
• Email automation
• Screeners

• Contact for pricing

• Send auto invites
• Integrations with Google and Microsoft
• Pay incentives

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start from $15/month

• Branded communications
• Integrations with Google, Microsoft, and Zapier

• PAYG starts at $45/session
• Paid plans start at $175/month

• Personalized invitations
• Book group sessions
• Pay incentives

• Paid plans start at $79/month

PingPong (Hotjar Engage)

• Sync calendars with Google and Outlook
• Automate incentives
• Video recordings

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $280/month

• Automated reminders and scheduling
• Video recordings

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $149/month

• Online

• €2,950 (EUR)

• On campus (EU)

• €5,800 (EUR)‍

• Online

• 36,875 (SEK)

• Online 
• On campus (NA, EU)

• From $3,250 (USD)

• Online

• From $9,310 (AUD)
• Free option available

• Online

• From $49/month (USD)

• Online

• From $499 (USD)

• Online

• ฿12,500 (THB)

• Online
• On campus (NA)

• $16,900 (USD)

• Online

• Free

• Online
• On campus (APAC, EU, NA)

• From $13,500 (AUD)
• Free courses available

• Online

• $49/month (USD)

• Online

• €995 (EUR)

• Online

• Free

• Online

• From $8,500 (AUD)

• Online

• From $16/month (USD)

• Online
• On campus (EU, NA, LATAM)

• €7,500 (EUR)

• Online

• Free course available

• Online

• From $15/month or $144/year (USD)

• Online

• From $19.99/month (USD)

• Online

• From $2,197 (AUD)

• Online

• From $1,200 (AUD)

• Online

$159 per user/year (USD)

• Online

• From $7,900 (USD)
• Free course available

• Online

• From $149 (USD)

• Online

• From $14,823 (USD)

• Online

• From $1,630 (AUD)

• Online
• On campus (EU)

• From £1500 (GBP)

• Online

• From $1200 (AUD)

• Tree testing
• Card sorting
• First click testing
• Reframer tool collects note-taking, observations, and interviews into a single interface
• Surveys

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $208/month

• Mobile ethnography
• Diary studies
• Live video interviews

• Pricing unavailable‍

• Video-first thinking
• Automated insights
• Highlight reels

• Pricing unavailable

• Moderated and unmoderated testing
• Diary studies
• AI-powered recruiting
• In-house UX consultancy

• Pricing unavailable

• Unmoderated testing
• GPT-4 enabled AI technology
• Built to accommodate scaling research initiatives

• Paid plans start at $199/month

• Wide-ranging panel 
• Support for multilingual studies, transcriptions, and reports 
• VR testing

• Paid plans start at $499/month

• Test prototypes, wireframes, and designs created in various design tools
• Quick, automated reporting
• Video recording

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $75/month

• Heatmaps
• AI surveys
• Feedback polls

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $32/month

• Data organization
• Annotation and insights

• Paid plans start at $30/month

• Choose from open, closed, and hybrid card sorting
• PDF reports
• Enter or import cards and categories

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $144/month

• Flexible testing options, with open and closed card sorting
• Self-guided training

• Pricing unavailable‍

• Data visualizations
• Concurrent testing
• Exportable reports

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $208/month

• Choose from open, closed, and hybrid card sorting
• Observe and sort participant responses on a granular level
• In-depth analysis
• Flexible testing

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $49/month

• Intuitive card creation
• Flexible card sorting options, e.g. randomize how cards are displayed, show a subset of cards
• Analysis tool

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $75/month

• Choose from closed, open, and hybrid card sorting
• Record moderated card sorting sessions
• Advanced analytics, including AI recommendations

• Paid plans start at $499/month

• Real-time test monitoring
• Specialized cards
• Visualize test results

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $30/month

• Choose from open, closed, and hybrid card sorting
• Built-in screener questions
• Shuffle cards to decrease bias

• Free plan offered
• Paid plans start at $79/month

• Multiple card sorting formats
• Export your results
• Set start and end dates for your tests

• Free

• Multiple card sorting formats
• Export your results
• Set start and end dates for your tests

• Free

To create products that serve the needs and goals of customers and to represent the voice of the customer to senior management.

To create products that serve the needs and goals of customers and to represent the voice of the customer to senior management.

• Outward-focused market research
• Customer interviews
• User surveys
• Focus groups
• Usability testing software
‍• Writing user personas
• Communicating closely with various stakeholders
• Determining product success metrics

• Project management software
• Usability testing software
• Writing user stories
• Managing the live team backlog document
• The Scrum Guide™
• Scrum events, e.g. sprints and retrospectives‍

The bulk of a product manager’s role happens before and at the start of product development (e.g. market research and vision building) and toward the end of a product lifecycle (e.g. tracking success, looking for improvements).

The bulk of a product owner’s role happens during product development (e.g. backlog and task management). But they also have to work out the product roadmap in the beginning and manage this until the product launch.

• Excellent communication and organization, particularly with experience in managing cross-functional teams
• Top-notch problem-solving skills
• Being able to conduct data analysis and pull key insights
• Being able to empathize with customers and stakeholders
• Understanding the principles of team management/leadership, UX design, market research, software development (if applicable), product development, and business and finance
• Excellent decision-making skills

• Excellent communication and organization
• Top-notch problem-solving skills
• Being able to conduct data analysis and pull key insights
• Being able to empathize with customers and stakeholders
• Experience using project management software such as Jira, Confluence, Azure DevOps, as well as Figma (for prototype testing)
• Working in tandem with other team leaders such as Scrum Masters
• Excellent decision-making skills

Many product manager roles don’t require formal education or training. Instead, they ask for previous experience

Often, product owner roles ask for both related experience and higher education degrees. The main difference is the broader spectrum of experience a potential product owner can lean on to get this role.